Sebastián Errazuriz: más diseño mutante

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Chileno, desde su studio en New York, uno de los visionarios máximos del diseño contemporáneo hackea nuestra conciencia con lo cotidiano que se vuelve insólito para demoler un par de límites.

Miren ese pato. OK, es un pato real, que se murió y pasó por taxidermia. Ahora, es una lámpara de escritorio. Todo dicho. Sebastián Errazúriz opera así, en sus ready-mades aplicables, un ánimo dadá-Duchamp de destrucción positiva que casi nadie tiene en el diseño contemporáneo, con ningún complejo de inferioridad o eso de pedir perdón por hacer un destapador de inodoros con un dildo, un bote-ataúd con motor fuera de borda, mobiliarios ultrageométricos, lámparas mutantes (una en sachet de plasma hospitalario) o un tapado de piel hecho de ositos de peluche. O un casco de moto con arma de fuego incluída, para no hacer enchastres. Nacido en Chile, criado en Londres, estudió en los talleres de Alessandro Mendini en Milán. Expuso, mucho: Londres, Ginebra, Tokio, junto a los hermanos Campana, Marcel Wanders, Tom Dixon y otros tan salvajones y llenos de significados como él. La revista-biblia i-D y el catálogo de diseño contemporáneo de Sotheby’s dicen que es muy importante también. Hay arte: situacionismo puro, estilo Guy Debord, del que dice mensajes a los gritos y ya no se ve muy seguido. Un magnolio plantado por diez días en el Estadio Nacional de Chile, con todo lo que Estadio Nacional implica, o una vaca Holando, Bartola, pastando en un décimo piso, entre los megaedificios business del centro de Santiago. Atiende desde New York.
-Tu trabajo es sumamente heterodoxo en cuanto a forma y materiales, cosas jamás vistas en diseño.
-Es que mi vida, en un contexto histórico mucho mayor, es algo insignificante. Por lo mismo en cada ocasión que a través de mi arte o diseño logro repensar alguno de los objetos o símbolos de nuestra vida cotidiana, me siento por unos instante consciente y vivo. Busco replantear paradigmas, para justificar mi existencia, para comprar algo de tiempo y paz, refugio y alivio en la posibilidad de crear algo que tal vez no existía. Quisiera crear piezas que no sean solo creativas, sino ojala únicas, misteriosas e inimaginables.
-La lámpara-pato fue uno de tus objetos que más llamaron nuestra atención. La idea de tomar un objeto literalmente muerto, y darle una función específica.
-Es consecuente con esta búsqueda existencialista por encontrar verdad y lógica en otras realidades paralelas. El Pato-Lámpara puede parecer bizarro, mórbido y arbitrario. Sin embargo para mucha gente a la vez captura una cierta lógica, humor, y hasta belleza.
-Diseñaste hasta un dildo con destapador de inodoros. Eso implica cierto humor. ¿Cómo es dárselo a una pieza?
-Un buen comediante es capaz de presentar en sus bromas verdades que normalmente no vemos. De igual manera el humor nos permite hablar de temas considerados inapropiados como la muerte o el sexo. A su vez, el humor es un elemento democrático universal que nos permite comunicarnos con gente que no tiene porque saber de arte o diseño. Funciona a ese nivel. Y en el humor al igual que el arte las mejores bromas o verdades tienen capas de lecturas; La imagen del dildo destapador de inodoros es cómica en sí misma; pero cuando su usuario se da cuenta que para usarlo tiene que hacer un movimiento masturbatorio, entonces resulta mucho más irónico e inteligente. Ahí está el chiste.
-Rutina diaria: un día en la vida.
– Solo pienso en arte y diseño todo el día desde que me despierto hasta que me acuesto. Me siento desnudo sin mi libreta de apuntes. Y afortunado de que mi novia me tenga paciencia, con lo obsesivo y monotemático que le debo resultar.
-Muchos todavía piensan que el diseño no tiene valor artístico.
– El prejuicio existe y es natural, porque el diseño es un arte como lo puede ser la gastronomía o hasta incluso el fútbol. Sin embargo el diseño finalmente no es arte: es diseño. Cada disciplina tiene sus propias funciones, lenguajes y lecturas. A mí me obsesionan ambas por separado. Y a mucha gente le inquieta cuando en ciertos proyectos decido caminar la cuerda floja entre ambas disciplinas.
-Los límites se desdoblan.
-Es que me gusta esta disciplina mixta, la capacidad que tiene de detener, inquietar y generar espacios forzados de reflexión. Me gusta provocar las rabias y celos de un grupo o el otro; ya que ponen en evidencia los prejuicios y pequeñeces de los personajes que defienden su espacio, como niños que no quieren que nadie más juegue con sus juguetes.
-El prejuicio no te desanima, por lo visto.
– Para nada. Finalmente confió en que en el momento que sea viejo voy a tener construido tres cuerpos de trabajo sólidos; uno en arte, otro en diseño y finalmente un hibrido entre ambos. Dentro de esa perspectiva de trabajo y tiempo, será más fácil entender y defender mi postura. Creo que el tiempo te termina dando la razón.
– Acciones como el magnolio en el Estadio Nacional o la vaca Bartola en un décimo piso en el centro de Santiago dicen cosas fuertes, al menos. Va mucho más allá del diseño. Es arte totalmente.
-Te lo explico así, en términos de triatlón: un triatleta entiende que correr, nadar y montar una bicicleta exigen diferentes requerimientos y aptitudes. Cada disciplina tiene su propia evolución, historia y personajes que la han construido. Sin embargo en algún momento para algunas personas, la práctica de las tres tomo sentido en si mismo. Y yo entreno por igual para las mismas. Podrás decirme que el que mucho abarca poco aprieta. Pero miren a Carl Lewis: ganó el oro olímpico en carreras, salto en alto y resistencia. O Kasparov, que es el mejor ajedrecista vivo. Fue candidato a presidente. Se explica. El cerebro no tiene por qué funcionar en una sola disciplina. Es de retrógrado pensar así.
-¿Cómo ves al diseño latinoamericano en general?
-Muy atrasado e inseguro. Latinoamérica tiene que dejar de preocuparse por lo que hace Europa o Estados Unidos y concentrarse en encontrar lo que lo hace único. Lo mejor que “Pedro”, “Juan” y “Diego” pueden ofrecer no son replicas de diseños de otros, sino ofrecerse ellos mismos. Diseños que nos representen y llenen personalmente, tanto en un nivel práctico como emocional, o incluso espiritual. Tenemos que diseñar sin miedo, con fuerza y valentía. El mercado global es tan amplio que un producto con características tan singulares tendrá necesariamente un grupo de personas igualmente singulares que están interesadas en pagar porél. No se puede uno quedar detrás.

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